What and When to Eat for Weight Lifting

Proper nutrition is essential for weight training. Eating the right foods and carefully timing your food intake ensures that you get the nutrients you need to perform well during a workout and maximize muscle synthesis after the training session is complete. But a weight lifting food plan doesn't need to be complicated or expensive. Use these tips and suggestions to fuel your training sessions more effectively.

Essential macronutrients—carbohydrate, protein and fat—are necessary to provide energy, build muscle, and keep your cells healthy. When calories from these basic nutrients are provided with a balanced approach they help your body to build and maintain lean tissue and decrease fat.

For strength-trained athletes, it is recommended that you consume 1.2 to 1.7 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. You should also aim to consume 6 to 10 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight per day. There is no specific recommendation regarding fat intake, but healthy plant-based fats are advised.

But when you provide these nutrients is important as well. Meal timing can influence your performance either in training or during an event. Some research also suggests that proper timing can enhance recovery and tissue repair, increase muscle synthesis, and even boost your mood.

The first step to making sure that you get the most from your workouts is making sure that you consume enough calories each day. If your body is in an energy deficit (you consume too few calories), it is harder to build muscle.

You can use a calorie calculator to estimate your caloric needs. You can also reach out to a registered dietitian to get a personalized number.

Keep in mind, that because you are a strength training athlete, you will need more calories than a typical sedentary person of your size.

Men require slightly more and women require fewer calories. Your number will vary depending on the intensity of your training, how often you train, your size, and gender.

Once you know how many calories to consume each day, you can start to create a food plan that accommodates your training schedule. You'll want to plan:

• Pre-activity foods and fluids
• Fluids during the activity
• Post-activity food and fluids

Keep in mind that how you should eat for weight training is different from eating to maximize a lengthy endurance training run, swim, or team sports session. Workouts that involve continuous aerobic exercise for two hours or more require more carbohydrate and a different balance of food and fluids.

Since you're focused on weight training you'll want to follow guidelines for meal timing that are specifically designed for building muscle.

This meal is essential as it isn't good to exercise hard on an empty stomach. Providing your body with some carbohydrate and protein will give you the energy you need to perform well during your workout.

Optimally, you should plan to consume a meal 60-90 minutes before your training session. Although, this recommendation can vary depending on how you tolerate food in the stomach when exercising. Some people need to consume a meal as much as three to four hours prior to training.

Sample meals might include:

• One large banana and one cup of cottage cheese
• Whole wheat tortilla and one cup chopped chicken breast
• Two slices of whole wheat toast and one whole egg plus three egg whites

Remember to add a serving healthy fats such as avocado or chia seeds to balance out the meal.

If you can't eat 60-90 minutes before your training session, prepare a lighter meal closer to your workout but decrease the amount of carbs and protein you consume. For example, 30–60 minutes before your session consume 20–30 grams each of carbs and protein. If you can't eat until 15 to 30 minutes before your workout you can grab a lighter snack containing 10–20 grams each of carbs and protein.

Your pre-workout snack or meal will not only give you the energy you need while training but it affects your ability to recover as well. Recent research suggests that a small quantity of protein taken before a weight training session helps with protein assimilation and muscle rebuilding in the recovery phase.

Lastly, before your workout session, drink sufficient fluids so that your urine color is a light lemon and not a dark yellow. This will tell you that you are well hydrated.

Unlike endurance athletes, you don't need to consume food during your training session. But you should consider a hydration plan if your workout is over 60 minutes.

If you plan on training for longer than an hour at a reasonably high intensity, you should take about 14 fluid ounces of a sports drink (about 7% carbohydrate or 25 grams of carbohydrate) every 30 minutes. If it's very hot and you sweat heavily, you may need a little more fluid, but not too much more.

Hydrating properly will keep blood glucose levels normal and you won't drain your muscle glycogen stores as quickly—enabling you to perform better.

There are differing opinions about the timing of your post-workout meal. Some research suggests that there is a 30-minute window after exercise where high-quality protein (such as whey protein isolate) should be consumed to maximize muscle repair. Other research suggests that the window is open for at least three hours after exercise.

However, other studies suggest that there is no magic window of opportunity. As long as total macronutrient goals are met for the day, the timing of macronutrient intake doesn't matter.

So where does that leave you? Try this refueling strategy, but don't worry if you miss the golden 30-minute window.

Fluids. In the first hour or so, try to drink enough fluids to recover what you have lost plus 50% on top of that to compensate for the post-exercise energy expenditure, especially if you plan to train again that day. You can measure fluids lost by weighing yourself before and after exercise. You can also keep an eye on your urine color, making sure that it stays light yellow.

Protein. Consume 10 to 20 grams of protein with carbohydrate within 30 minutes of your session. Less may be appropriate for lighter training programs.

Carbohydrate. Consume 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrate soon after your session.

Other post-workout snack ideas include:

• Greek yogurt with oats and chia seeds
• One banana with a tablespoon of peanut butter
• Whole wheat toast with sliced turkey