Health Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are important for a number of functions in the body. These functions include:

• Relaxation and contraction of muscles
• Blood clotting
• Digestion
• Fertility
• Cell division
• Growth
• Movement of calcium and other substances in and out of cells

Available in dietary supplement form, omega-3s are found naturally in certain foods. Oily fish, such as salmon and mackerel, contain the omega-3s docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Certain nuts, such as English walnuts, and vegetable oils (flaxseed, canola, and soybean), meanwhile, contain an omega-3 called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).

Research suggests that intake of omega-3 fatty acids may offer the following benefits:

1) Heart Health

Increasing levels of DHA and EPA (either by eating fish or taking fish oil supplements) has been found to improve a number of cardiovascular disease risk factors. For example, studies show that omega-3 intake may lower cholesterol, slightly lower blood pressure, slow the progression of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and reduce risk of heart attack, stroke, and death among people with cardiovascular disease.

2) Rheumatoid Arthritis

Regular intake of fish oil supplements may reduce morning stiffness, number of swollen joints, and need for corticosteroid drugs in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil's anti-inflammatory effects may be key to its role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, according to a research review published in 2003.

A number of studies have shown that omega-3s may also be beneficial for people with the following health problems. However, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine cautions that more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the use of omega-3s in the treatment of these conditions.

• Asthma
• Dementia
• Diabetes
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Lupus
• Osteoporosis
• Renal disease

Several population studies indicate that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may lower your risk of developing certain types of cancer (including cancer of the breast, colon, and prostate). However, randomized controlled trials need to be conducted before scientists can draw any conclusions about the anti-cancer effects of omega-3s.

Although omega-3 supplements are generally considered safe when taken at low-to-moderate doses, they may cause the following symptoms in some cases:

• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• Indigestion
• Abdominal bloating

A fishy aftertaste is a common side effect of fish oil supplements. Taking the supplement before eating may reduce the aftertaste or burps.

In high doses, fish oil can interact with certain medications, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications and drugs used for high blood pressure.

Keep in mind that supplements haven't been tested for safety and due to the fact that dietary supplements are largely unregulated, the content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label. Also, the safety of supplements in pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications has not been established.

If you're considering the use of fish oil supplements, talk with your primary care provider first. Self-treating a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.